Here is a list of bad habits:
Taking steroids
Why it's dangerous: Anabolic steroids, the main one being
testosterone, are steroids that enhance tissue growth by creating protein.
Anabolic steroids -- and steroid replacements like DHEA, androstenedione and
norandrostenedione -- cause many different types of problems.
Less serious side effects include acne, purple or red spots
on the body, bad breath, swelling of legs and feet, and yellowing of the skin.
Other potential side effects are dizziness, mood swings, premature balding,
trembling, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, palpitations, cardiovascular
disease, aching joints, liver damage, and shortening of final adult height. And
let's not forget testicular shrinkage, pain when urinating, breast development,
impotence, and sterility.
What to do instead: Unless these side effects appeal to you,
build your muscles the hard way -- through training.
Combining relaxants with stimulants:
Why it's dangerous: To counteract the high heart rate and
nervousness associated with stimulant use, many athletes take supplements or drugs
to relax or "come down" after a workout. A popular choice is kava
kava, a herbal supplement that is a sedative, muscle relaxant, diuretic, and a
remedy for nervousness and insomnia. Unfortunately, it is also associated with
abnormal liver function or damage. A few deaths have even been reported.
Other athletes will smoke marijuana to relax. In the long
run, making your heart rate and blood pressure shoot up and then drop back down
on a regular basis can be dangerous, and may even lead to heart attack.
What to do instead: If you feel the need to take a
"calming" supplement to counteract the stimulants you are taking, you
probably shouldn't be taking the stimulants in the first place. In any case,
avoid combining these two categories.
Lifting excessive weight:
Why it's dangerous: Many gym rats constantly try to increase
the amount of weight they lift. This can be counterproductive, as it does not
allow for complete control performance of the exercise, leading to less than
optimal results. Furthermore, lifting weights that are too heavy can cause
joint pain and an eventual muscle, ligament or tendon tear.
What to do instead: You should have absolute control of the
weight at all times without having to swing it to complete the movement. If you
are unable to control the descent of the weight and are simply moving it from
start to finish without maintaining proper form, you should reduce the amount
you're lifting.
Taking dangerous stimulants:
Why it's dangerous: The risks associated with ephedrine,
including heart palpitations, heart attack and stroke, have been
well-documented in the media; even though the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
recently lifted the ban on ephedrine, these risks are still present. In
addition, there are many other dangerous stimulants on the market. Even
"ephedrine-free" fat burners contain ingredients with very similar
effects. For example, a popular component of many fat burners is Ma Huang , the
plant from which ephedrine is derived and which can be just as dangerous. Many
runners, bodybuilders and other athletes take these supplements to
"enhance" their performance without realizing their potential
hazardous effects.
What to do instead: If you insist on taking a
"performance enhancing" supplement, read the ingredient list very
carefully and avoid ingredients such as ephedrine, ephedra, Ma Huang, and
bitter orange. If you are uncertain of the safety of a certain ingredient, ask
a health care professional. Another option is to take a caffeine pill before
your workout -- they are much less dangerous.
Dehydrating:
Why it's dangerous: Many bodybuilders try to "sweat
out" the last few pounds to fit into the right weight class before a
competition. Their tactics include doing crazy stuff like stationary biking in
a sauna or taking diuretics, which are unhealthy even if they are
"herbal." For extra dehydration in order to make muscles bulge as
much as possible, some bodybuilders even have a glass of wine right before
going onstage.
Dehydration is dangerous for many reasons. First, it increases
your chances of cramping up -- some bodybuilders have frozen in a pose during
competitions and have had to be carried out on a stretcher. It also puts severe
strain on your internal organs, your kidneys in particular, and affects your
mental capacity.
What to do instead: Drink 20 ounces of water to ensure
adequate hydration one to two hours before training. Have another 3 to 6 oz
every 15 to 30 minutes during your workout. When you're done, drink 2 cups of
water for every pound of weight lost.
Eating too much protein:
Why it's dangerous: In the off-season, bodybuilders
typically eat 1.25 to 1.5 grams of protein per pound of body weight each day.
Before competitions, many increase their protein intake to 1.75 to 2.0 g per
pound. However, eating too much protein can have many negative effects. First,
it may lead to higher levels of homocysteine, a by-product of protein
metabolism and an independent risk factor for heart disease. Moreover, having
too much protein in your body can cause irreversible kidney damage and increase
your risk of osteoporosis.
What to do instead: Nutritionists generally say that no one,
not even bodybuilders, should consume more than 1.7 g of protein per pound of
body weight a day. Keep in mind that this is the upper limit if you're training
hard ; if you're training only slightly or moderately, your protein intake
should be closer to 0.8 to 1.0 gram per pound.
Overtraining:
Why it's dangerous: Many serious athletes become so obsessed
with working out that they end up training too often and not taking enough
"rest days" between workouts. This can lead to general fatigue,
irritability, moodiness, depression, anxiety, decreased appetite, weight loss,
nausea, and upset stomach. On top of these symptoms, athletes can also suffer from
persistent muscle and joint pain, increased incidence of injury, slowed
reaction time, impaired coordination, increased vulnerability to infectious
diseases, decreased exercise performance, and more.
What to do instead: Listen to your body. You should feel
more energetic after a workout; if you are feeling fatigued and sore,
reevaluate your routine. Allow for adequate rest periods between workouts in
order to let your muscle tissue rebuild. The amount of rest needed between
workouts varies from person to person, so monitor your body's signals.
Having bad form:
Why it's dangerous: There are many ways in which bad form in
weightlifting can be dangerous. For example, executing movements too fast --
such as dropping the bench press weight to your sternum and quickly popping it
back up to the start position -- can be very detrimental to your tendons and
ligaments, as they absorb all the pressure. Another common mistake involves
using your lower back to gain momentum to lift the weight, which can be extremely
harmful.
What to do instead: The best way to ensure that you have
proper form is to ask a trainer or spotter to observe you during a workout. If
you are uncertain about the way you are performing certain exercises, you may
want to consider a few sessions with a personal trainer.
Undereating:
Why it's dangerous: Many athletes train on an empty stomach
because they believe that they will burn more fat. The logic behind this
unhealthy habit is that the body will use fat reserves as fuel for a workout if
there is no food to burn.
The fact is that your body uses carbs as its main source of
energy during training. So not only can your performance be hindered by working
out on an empty stomach, but doing so can also lead to such side effects as low
blood sugar jitters, dizziness and even loss of consciousness.
What to do instead: 30 to 60 minutes before your workout,
eat a small, easily digestible meal composed of complex carbs, such as fruits,
vegetables, whole-grain bread, rice, or pasta.
Not stretching:
Why it's dangerous: It's no secret that neglecting to
stretch before and after a workout can lead to injuries such as muscle tears,
yet many serious athletes still skip this essential step. The benefits of the
flexibility that can be gained through stretching are multiple: it prevents
injury, increases range of motion, enhances performance and posture, reduces
stress, and keeps the body loose and agile.
What to do instead: Stretch for about 10 minutes before and
after your workout, as well as briefly between weightlifting sets.
